Cargo Insurance vs Freight Liability Insurance - What’s the Difference?

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Understand the difference between full-value cargo insurance and limited freight liability cover - and when your business should arrange its own cargo policy instead of relying on carrier or forwarder limits.

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We compare quotes from specialist cargo insurers

  • Allianz
  • Aviva
  • QBE
  • RSA
  • Zurich
  • NIG

CARRIER LIABILITY LIMITS VS FULL-VALUE CARGO COVER

Why Relying Only on Freight Liability Can Leave a Gap

Carriers and freight forwarders usually have their own liability insurance, but it is not designed to fully protect the cargo owner. Their liability is limited by conventions, contracts and terms & conditions - and may be much lower than the value of your goods. Cargo insurance, arranged by the cargo owner, is designed to insure the full value of the shipment (plus costs and profit, if required).

Cargo Insurance vs Freight Liability - At a Glance

A simple comparison of who is insured, what is covered and how claims are calculated.

Cargo Insurance


  • Insured party: cargo owner (importer, exporter, trader, buyer or seller).
  • Basis: full-value cover (e.g. CIF + 10%).
  • Scope: physical loss or damage to cargo, subject to policy terms.
  • Policy type: all-risks or named-perils under cargo clauses.
  • Claims: paid based on agreed insured value, not carrier fault.

Freight Liability Insurance


  • Insured party: carrier, haulier, forwarder or logistics provider.
  • Basis: limited by conventions & contract terms (per kg / per package).
  • Scope: their legal liability for loss or damage due to proven negligence.
  • Policy type: protects the carrier, not automatically the cargo value.
  • Claims: may pay far less than the load’s true value.

Why Liability Limits Rarely Match Your Cargo Value

Freight liability is usually calculated using international conventions or national conditions, not invoice value.

Common Liability Frameworks


  • Road carriage subject to CMR / RHA conditions.
  • Sea carriage subject to Hague / Hague-Visby Rules.
  • Air carriage under Montreal / Warsaw conventions.
  • Forwarder liability under national / FIATA conditions.
  • All of these set per kg or per package limits.

Example: Liability vs Cargo Insurance


  • High-value electronics shipment worth £250,000.
  • Freight liability may be capped at a small fraction of this value.
  • Cargo insurance can cover the full £250,000 (plus freight & margin).
  • Without cargo insurance, the shortfall falls on the cargo owner.

When Should You Arrange Your Own Cargo Insurance?

Most cargo owners benefit from having their own policy rather than relying solely on carrier liability.

Good Reasons to Buy Cargo Insurance


  • High-value or fragile goods.
  • Time-sensitive or critical components.
  • New trade routes or unfamiliar carriers.
  • Contractual obligations to customers.
  • Desire for quick, straightforward claim settlement.

Benefits Over Relying on Freight Liability


  • Cover based on agreed value, not weight-based limits.
  • No need to prove carrier negligence in many cases.
  • Broader cover for accidental loss or damage.
  • Greater control over policy terms and claim support.

Why Use Insure24 for Cargo & Freight Liability Advice?


  • We understand cargo insurance and freight liability policies.
  • Support for importers, exporters, forwarders and logistics providers.
  • Ability to structure open covers and tailor limits to your trade.
  • Help reviewing your contracts and Incoterms to identify who should insure what.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

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If my forwarder says they are insured, do I still need cargo insurance?

Your forwarder’s liability policy protects them, not the full value of your goods. Their cover is limited and may only pay out if they are legally liable. Cargo insurance is the only way to properly insure the value of your shipment.

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Does cargo insurance replace freight liability insurance?

No. Freight liability insurance is still needed by carriers and forwarders to protect their own exposures. Cargo insurance sits alongside this and protects the cargo owner’s financial interest in the goods.

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Who should arrange cargo insurance under Incoterms?

It depends on the agreed Incoterm (e.g. CIF, CIP, FOB, EXW). In some cases the seller must arrange insurance; in others it is the buyer’s responsibility. We can help you interpret your contracts and advise who should insure what.

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Can I just rely on the carrier paying for any damage?

Relying on carrier compensation alone can leave large gaps. You may need to prove negligence, and even then, their liability limit may be far below the cargo value. Cargo insurance avoids this problem in many scenarios.

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Can Insure24 review my contracts and existing cover?

Yes. We can review your freight contracts, Incoterms, existing policies and trade flows, then recommend an appropriate cargo insurance structure alongside any existing freight liability arrangements.

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