Introduction
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Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) are now central to subsea pipeline inspection—supporting integrity management, leak detection, cathodic protection surveys, and post-incident investigations. The work is high value, technically complex, and often performed in harsh conditions where a single failure can trigger expensive recovery costs, project delays, and liability disputes.
From an insurance perspective, ROV pipeline inspection sits at the intersection of:
High-value mobile equipment
Offshore operations and marine liabilities
Professional services (survey, reporting, interpretation)
Contract-driven risk transfer (knock-for-knock, indemnities, waivers)
That combination means “standard” contractor insurance often leaves gaps—especially around offshore extensions, equipment in transit, and the line between physical damage and professional negligence.
Insurers underwrite ROV work based on predictable failure modes. Your cover should be built around them.
Umbilical snagging on subsea infrastructure
Thruster failure leading to collision with pipeline or structure
Flooding of electronics due to seal failure
Damage during launch and recovery in heavy sea state
Even when the ROV itself is insured, the biggest cost can be retrieval:
Mobilising a vessel and specialist team
ROV recovery tools, grapnels, cutters
Additional dive support or alternative ROV deployment
Pipeline inspection involves operating close to critical assets. Potential third-party property damage includes:
Pipeline coating damage
Impact damage to subsea valves, manifolds, or risers
Damage to client-installed sensors or subsea structures
A pipeline incident can trigger major pollution exposure. Even if you didn’t cause the leak, allegations can arise if your work:
Missed a defect
Misinterpreted data
Recommended an incorrect intervention
Offshore contracts often include:
Broad indemnities
Consequential loss exclusions (sometimes one-sided)
Liquidated damages for delay
Waivers of subrogation
Insurance may not automatically cover liabilities you assume under contract unless they would have existed at law.
Pipeline inspection is not just “operating a robot.” It’s also:
Survey planning
Data capture and QA
Interpretation and reporting
Recommendations for integrity management
A claim may allege that your report was wrong, incomplete, or late—causing the client to make a costly decision.
ROV systems and inspection data are increasingly digital and connected:
Malware or ransomware impacting operations
Data loss or corruption n- Confidentiality breaches (client asset maps, integrity data)
There is no single “ROV insurance policy.” Most contractors build a programme combining several covers.
This is the foundation: cover for physical loss or damage to your ROV, tooling, sensors, and associated equipment.
What it typically covers:
Accidental damage
Theft (including from vehicles or storage—subject to conditions)
Fire, flood, storm
Transit risks (often by endorsement)
Key questions to ask:
Is the ROV covered worldwide or only in the UK?
Does cover apply offshore and subsea?
Is the ROV insured on an “all risks” basis?
Are spares, tooling, and payloads included?
Are hired-in ROVs or hired tooling covered?
Common gaps:
Exclusions for “wear and tear” or “gradual deterioration” (fine), but also broad exclusions for “mechanical breakdown” that can be too restrictive.
Limited cover while equipment is “in use” offshore.
No cover for recovery/salvage costs.
Tip: Ensure the sum insured reflects replacement cost, not book value—ROVs and sensors can be hard to replace quickly.
ROV kits move constantly—between depots, ports, vessels, and client sites.
Why it matters: Standard equipment policies may not fully cover:
International shipping
Air freight
Sea transit
Port storage and customs delays
A dedicated cargo policy (or robust transit extension) can cover:
Door-to-door shipments
Packing and unpacking risks
General average and salvage charges
Public liability responds to third-party injury or property damage arising from your operations.
For ROV pipeline inspection, the crucial point is whether the policy is extended to:
Offshore work
Work on or from vessels
Subsea operations
“Care, custody, and control” exposures
Key areas to check:
Territorial limits (UK only vs worldwide)
Jurisdiction (UK courts only vs worldwide)
Offshore exclusions (common in standard policies)
Property damage to “the thing being worked on”
If you provide reports, interpretation, or recommendations, PI is often essential.
PI may respond to:
Negligent survey design
Incorrect interpretation of inspection data
Failure to identify defects
Late delivery of reports causing client loss
Watch-outs:
PI is usually written on a claims-made basis (you need continuous cover).
Contractual liability exclusions can bite if you agree to broad indemnities.
“Fitness for purpose” obligations are often uninsurable.
Practical approach: Align your contract wording with what PI can cover—avoid guarantees and keep obligations to “reasonable skill and care.”
If you employ staff in the UK, Employers’ Liability is typically compulsory.
For offshore work, ensure:
The policy includes offshore activities where relevant
You understand any conditions around work on vessels or outside UK waters
If you charter vessels, operate from client vessels, or provide crew, you may need specialist marine liability.
Depending on your role, this may include:
Charterers’ liability
Protection & Indemnity (P&I) exposures
Liability for damage to the vessel or equipment on board
Often, the vessel owner’s P&I covers the vessel, but contracts can push responsibilities back onto contractors.
A damaged ROV can stop operations immediately. Business interruption cover can help with:
Loss of gross profit
Additional increased cost of working (e.g., hiring replacement equipment)
Some offshore projects also involve delay-related exposures, but cover can be limited and highly dependent on contract structure.
Cyber cover is increasingly relevant for contractors handling sensitive infrastructure data.
A good cyber policy can support:
Incident response and forensics
Business interruption from cyber events
Data restoration
Liability to third parties
Insurance doesn’t exist in a vacuum. Offshore pipeline inspection contracts can create exposures that policies won’t pick up.
Many offshore contracts use knock-for-knock: each party bears its own people and property losses, regardless of fault.
This can be beneficial, but it requires:
Your own equipment insurance to be strong
Waivers of subrogation to be acceptable to insurers
Most liability policies exclude pure financial loss unless it stems from bodily injury or property damage.
If your contract includes:
Liquidated damages for delay
Consequential loss exposure
…you need to understand whether it’s insurable, capped, or excluded.
If you agree to indemnify the client beyond common law negligence, insurers may decline.
Best practice: Keep indemnities proportionate, cap liability where possible, and align obligations to negligence and reasonable skill and care.
If you want competitive terms, expect questions about:
ROV type, age, and replacement value
Typical operating depth and environment
Launch and recovery methods
Maintenance and pre-dive check procedures
Crew competence, training, and experience
Incident history and near-miss reporting
Contracting model (who is principal, who provides vessel)
Geographic areas and jurisdictions
Data handling and cyber controls
Having a clear risk presentation can reduce premiums and improve cover.
Use this as a starting point when reviewing your cover.
Confirm offshore/subsea operations are included (not excluded by default)
Ensure equipment cover includes recovery/salvage costs where possible
Add transit/cargo cover for international logistics
Match territorial limits and jurisdiction to contract requirements
Add PI if you provide inspection reports or recommendations
Review contractual liability and indemnity wording for insurability
Check hired-in equipment cover and cross-hire exposures
Confirm policy definitions of “property in your care, custody, and control”
Keep asset schedules up to date (ROVs, tooling, sensors)
If you provide deliverables that a client relies on—data, interpretation, or a report—you may face allegations of negligence. PI is often advisable even if you don’t make final integrity decisions.
Sometimes yes, sometimes no. Many standard equipment policies are not designed for subsea use. You need explicit confirmation that underwater/offshore use is included.
Not always. Recovery and salvage can be a major uninsured exposure unless specifically included.
It depends on contract requirements, client profile, and operating environment. Many offshore clients require higher limits than typical onshore contracting.
Often this is restricted because it may be considered “the thing being worked on” or property in your control. You may need specialist wording or rely on contract allocation.
ROV pipeline inspection is a specialist, high-stakes service. The right insurance programme is less about buying the biggest limits and more about making sure the policy language matches the reality of subsea operations, offshore contracts, and professional deliverables.
If you want your cover to respond when it matters, start with a clear map of your operational risks and contract obligations—then build equipment, liability, PI, transit, and cyber cover around that.
CTA: If you’re an ROV contractor or pipeline inspection firm operating in the UK or internationally, get a specialist review of your contracts and insurance schedule before mobilisation—small wording gaps can become big losses offshore.
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