If you’re a large contractor, insurance isn’t just a box-ticking exercise. It’s a core part of how you win work, protect your balance sheet, and keep projects moving when something goes wrong. One uninsured (or underinsured) incident can trigger delays, contractual disputes, liquidated damages, and reputational damage—often at the same time.
This guide explains the main construction insurance covers large UK contractors typically need, how they fit together, what clients and funders expect to see, and the common pitfalls that cause claims to be reduced or declined. It’s written for principal contractors, design & build firms, and larger specialist contractors working on complex sites, multiple locations, and higher contract values.
Smaller construction firms can sometimes rely on a simple package: Public Liability, Employers’ Liability, tools cover, and maybe Contract Works. Large contractors usually need a structured insurance programme because:
Contract values are higher and defects can be expensive to rectify.
Supply chains are longer (and risk is spread across subcontractors).
Projects often involve design responsibility, temporary works, and complex interfaces.
Clients, lenders, and public bodies impose strict insurance clauses.
One incident can impact multiple sites and multiple contracts.
The goal is to build an insurance programme that matches your risk profile and your contractual obligations—without paying for cover that doesn’t respond when you need it.
What it does: Covers injury or illness claims made by employees arising out of their work.
UK requirement: EL is a legal requirement for most employers, typically with a minimum limit of £5 million (most policies provide £10 million).
Large contractor considerations:
Labour-only subcontractors can create grey areas—make sure your policy and contracts clearly define employment status.
Consider occupational health exposures (silica, asbestos, noise, vibration, welding fumes) and ensure risk controls are documented.
Claims can take years to emerge; keep good records.
What it does: Covers third-party injury or property damage arising from your operations.
Typical limits: £5m–£25m+ depending on client requirements and project profile.
Large contractor considerations:
Contractual liability: some contracts push you to accept liabilities beyond “negligence”. Make sure your PL policy can respond.
Work away risks: multiple sites, high footfall areas, and live environments (schools, hospitals, retail parks) increase exposure.
Hot works, height work, demolition, and groundworks can trigger exclusions or special conditions.
What it does: Covers physical loss or damage to works in progress, materials, and sometimes temporary works.
Why it matters: Fire, flood, theft, storm damage, and accidental damage can all derail a project. CAR is often what keeps the programme alive.
Large contractor considerations:
Sum insured: Must reflect the full contract value (including materials on site) and any escalation.
Multiple projects: You may need an annual “turnover” programme rather than project-by-project cover.
Off-site storage and transit: Check whether materials are covered while stored off site or in transit.
Existing structures: Refurbishment and fit-out projects can require cover for existing buildings and contents.
Joint names / principal insured: Many contracts require the employer, funder, and contractor to be noted.
What it does: Covers financial loss claims arising from professional services—design, specification, project management, and advice.
When you need it: If you’re design & build, novated design, or you provide any design input (including temporary works design or value engineering that changes specification).
Large contractor considerations:
Collateral warranties and third-party rights: PI needs to align with who can sue you.
Retroactive date: Must cover past work if you’re taking on legacy design responsibilities.
Run-off: Claims can arise years after completion. Consider how you’ll maintain PI for the limitation period.
Fitness for purpose: Many PI policies exclude or limit this. Watch for contract wording that implies a guarantee rather than reasonable skill and care.
What it does: Covers owned, hired-in, and sometimes hired-out plant against theft, damage, and accidental loss.
Large contractor considerations:
Hired-in plant: check “hired-in” cover and the conditions in hire agreements.
Security conditions: immobilisers, tracking, compound requirements, and key control.
High-value items: cranes, excavators, telehandlers, generators—ensure values and locations are accurate.
What it does: For contractors, traditional business interruption may be less relevant than DSU (often arranged by the employer/funder) which covers financial losses due to project delay following insured damage.
Large contractor considerations:
If your contract includes liquidated damages (LDs), understand how insured events interact with extensions of time.
DSU is complex and often sits alongside CAR. If you’re asked to arrange it, get specialist advice.
What it does: Covers company vehicles, vans, HGVs, and sometimes specialist vehicles.
Large contractor considerations:
Grey fleet (employees using their own vehicles) needs a policy and checks.
Telematics and driver management can reduce claims and premiums.
What it does: Covers clean-up costs and third-party claims arising from pollution incidents.
Large contractor considerations:
Standard PL may only cover “sudden and accidental” pollution and may exclude gradual pollution.
Groundworks, fuel storage, and work near watercourses increase exposure.
What it does: Helps with incident response, business interruption, and liability following cyber events.
Large contractor considerations:
Construction firms are increasingly targeted due to payment flows, supplier invoices, and project data.
If you use BIM and connected site systems, cyber resilience becomes part of operational risk.
Large contractors regularly see insurance schedules that specify:
Minimum PL and EL limits
CAR requirements including joint names
Professional Indemnity limits and duration (often 6–12 years)
Evidence of plant cover and hired-in plant responsibility
Waiver of subrogation (where appropriate)
Indemnity to principal clauses
Specific endorsements for hazardous activities
Tip: Don’t treat these schedules as “standard”. One line can create an uninsured liability—especially around fitness for purpose, consequential loss, and liquidated damages.
Many CAR policies cover resulting damage but not the cost of redoing defective work itself. For example, if a poorly installed pipe leaks and damages finished areas, the water damage may be covered, but the cost to reinstall the pipe may not be.
What to do:
Understand the defect exclusion wording (there are different “LEG” style wordings in the market).
Build quality assurance and inspection evidence into your site processes.
If you accept liabilities beyond negligence—like broad indemnities—you can create gaps.
What to do:
Align contract review with your insurance broker and legal team.
Avoid “hold harmless” clauses that your policy won’t cover.
These are common triggers for exclusions, warranties, or higher excesses.
What to do:
Declare activities accurately.
Keep method statements, permits, and training records ready.
If a subcontractor causes a loss, your policy may respond—but insurers will expect you to have robust subcontractor vetting.
What to do:
Maintain a subcontractor insurance register.
Check limits, policy dates, and key endorsements.
Ensure contracts include clear indemnities and insurance obligations.
If the declared value is too low, claims can be reduced.
What to do:
Review contract values regularly.
Include materials, prelims, and escalation.
Large contractors often choose between:
Annual turnover CAR: One policy covering many projects up to defined limits.
Project-specific CAR: Used for very large or unusual projects.
Owner Controlled Insurance Programme (OCIP): Employer arranges cover for the project.
Contractor Controlled Insurance Programme (CCIP): Contractor arranges cover for the project and supply chain.
The right approach depends on your turnover, maximum contract value, geographic spread, and the types of work you undertake.
Insurers typically look at:
Turnover and maximum contract value
Claims history and risk management maturity
Types of work (groundworks, cladding, basements, demolition, high-rise)
Use of subcontractors and how you manage them
Health & safety systems and accreditations
Security arrangements for plant and materials
Contractual risk transfer and how you negotiate terms
Practical ways to improve pricing:
Provide strong underwriting information (project lists, risk controls, H&S stats).
Demonstrate plant security and theft prevention.
Tighten subcontractor onboarding and site supervision.
Use incident reporting and lessons learned.
When there’s an incident, speed and documentation matter.
Notify insurers early (even if you’re unsure it will become a claim)
Preserve evidence: photos, CCTV, witness statements, site diaries
Record mitigation steps and costs
Keep communications consistent—avoid admitting liability prematurely
Track delay impacts and additional costs separately
Use this as a quick internal sense-check:
EL in place at appropriate limit
PL limit meets contract requirements
CAR/Contract Works sums insured match contract values
PI in place for design responsibility, with suitable retro date and run-off plan
Plant cover includes hired-in plant and matches hire agreements
Subcontractor insurance checks documented and current
Contract review process aligned to insurance
Cyber and environmental risks assessed
Employers’ Liability is usually legally required if you employ staff. Other covers (like Public Liability and CAR) aren’t legally required but are often essential for contracts and risk management.
If you provide any design input—spec changes, temporary works design, value engineering, or design & build obligations—PI can be critical.
No. Public Liability covers injury/property damage to third parties. Contract Works covers physical damage to the works in progress, materials, and sometimes temporary works.
It depends on the contract. Some employers arrange it (OCIP), but many require the contractor to arrange it. The key is to ensure responsibilities are clear and there are no gaps.
Many contracts require PI to be maintained for 6 or 12 years. The right answer depends on your contract terms and limitation periods.
If you’re a large contractor reviewing your insurance programme, the fastest way to improve cover (and avoid costly gaps) is to align your contracts, activities, and risk controls with the policies you actually have.
If you’d like, tell me your typical contract size, the main types of work you do (e.g., groundworks, refurbishment, design & build), and your required PL/PI limits—and I’ll help you outline a clean insurance schedule and a quote-ready information pack for insurers.
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