Excavators, diggers and dumpers are the backbone of modern construction and civil engineering. They’re also some of the most targeted and most expensive assets on site. A single theft, fire, rollover or hydraulic failure can stall a project, trigger contractual penalties, and leave you paying for repairs or replacement out of pocket.
Plant insurance (often called contractors’ plant insurance or plant and machinery insurance) is designed to protect these machines whether they’re working on site, stored in a yard, transported between jobs, or hired in/out. For many contractors, it’s not just “nice to have” — it’s a practical requirement for winning work, meeting principal contractor rules, and keeping cashflow steady.
This guide explains what plant insurance typically covers for excavators, diggers and dumpers, the add-ons that matter most, common exclusions, and how to structure cover as part of a wider construction engineering insurance package.
In UK insurance terms, “plant” generally means mobile plant, tools and machinery used for contracting and construction work. For this article, the focus is on:
Excavators (mini diggers, midi excavators, 360 tracked/wheeled excavators)
Backhoe loaders and digger loaders
Dumpers (site dumpers, forward tip, swivel skip, tracked dumpers)
Attachments (buckets, breakers, augers, grabs, tilt rotators)
Depending on your insurer, plant insurance can also include telehandlers, rollers, skid steers, MEWPs, compressors, generators, and specialist engineering equipment.
Plant insurance is built around the real-world risks contractors face every day. The big ones are:
Theft (from site, yard, or during transit)
Accidental damage (impact, collision, overturning, vandalism)
Fire and explosion
Flood and storm damage
Damage during loading/unloading
Damage while being transported (subject to policy terms)
For excavators and dumpers, insurers pay close attention to where machines are stored, how keys are controlled, and whether you have tracking/security measures in place.
Policies vary, but most UK plant insurance is arranged on either an All Risks basis (broad cover, subject to exclusions) or a more limited “named perils” basis.
Theft is one of the most common and costly claims for plant.
Typical features include:
Cover for theft from a locked compound or secure yard
Requirements for immobilisers, key control, and security
Higher excesses or conditions for theft from open sites
What to watch:
Many policies require plant to be secured out of hours (e.g., locked gates, fencing, CCTV, lighting)
Some require tracking devices for higher-value excavators
Theft of attachments can be restricted unless they’re stored securely or physically locked
This is the day-to-day “stuff happens” cover: a dumper clips a wall, an excavator strikes a hidden obstruction, a machine rolls on uneven ground, or vandalism occurs overnight.
Accidental damage cover often includes:
Collision/impact
Overturning
Vandalism
Damage caused by operator error (subject to terms)
Construction sites are exposed environments. Fire can start from fuel, electrics, hot works, or arson. Flooding and storms can damage engines, electrics, and hydraulics.
A good plant policy should address:
Fire and explosion
Storm, lightning, and flood
Water ingress (subject to exclusions and maintenance standards)
Plant moves constantly: between sites, to depots, to fitters, and to hire yards.
Transit cover may include:
Damage while being carried on a trailer/low loader
Damage during loading/unloading
Theft during transit (subject to security requirements)
Important: transit cover can be limited if the transporter is a third party. In some cases, you may need a separate goods in transit policy or confirm the haulier’s liability and insurance.
Many contractors rely on hired-in excavators or dumpers for peak workloads.
Hired-in plant insurance can cover:
Your liability for loss/damage to hired plant
Contractual hire charges while repairs are completed
This is often essential because hire agreements typically make you responsible for the machine from delivery to collection.
If you hire out your own excavators or dumpers, you may need:
Hired-out plant cover
Clear conditions around operator provision, maintenance, and custody
Contractual terms that align with your insurance
Attachments can be high value and easy to steal. Make sure your schedule includes:
Buckets (including specialist buckets)
Breakers/hammers
Grabs
Tilt rotators
Quick hitches
Ask whether attachments are covered:
When fitted to the machine
When stored separately
During transit
Depending on your needs, you can add:
Small plant (wacker plates, mixers, pumps)
Hand tools (often under a separate tools section)
Be careful: insurers may apply different limits, security conditions, and theft requirements for tools.
A common confusion is whether an excavator or dumper needs motor insurance.
Plant insurance covers the machine as an item of equipment (damage, theft, etc.)
Motor insurance covers road risks (third-party liability on public roads)
Most excavators and site dumpers are not used on public roads in the same way as vans or lorries. But if your plant is road registered, travels on public roads, or is towed/transported in certain ways, you may need additional cover.
If you’re unsure, it’s worth confirming:
Where the machine will be used (site only vs occasional road use)
Whether it is registered
Who is transporting it and under what insurance
Plant insurance is usually one part of a broader construction engineering insurance package. Depending on your work, you may also need:
Contractors All Risks (CAR): covers contract works (the project) and sometimes plant
Public liability: injury/property damage to third parties
Employers’ liability: legal requirement if you employ staff
Contract works: materials and work in progress
Professional indemnity (if you design/specify): design errors and advice
Contractors’ pollution liability: sudden/accidental pollution events
Engineering inspection (for certain lifting equipment)
The right structure depends on whether you’re a groundworks contractor, civil engineering firm, plant hire business, or a principal contractor.
Plant claims are often straightforward — until they aren’t. Here are the most common pitfalls.
Insurance is for sudden, unforeseen events — not maintenance.
Typically excluded:
Wear and tear
Corrosion
Gradual deterioration
Faulty workmanship (sometimes limited)
Some policies exclude breakdown unless you add engineering breakdown cover. If your excavator suffers a major hydraulic failure or electrical fault, breakdown cover can be the difference between a paid claim and a costly repair.
Theft cover can be conditional on:
Keys removed and stored securely
Cab locked
Immobiliser engaged
Machine left in a secure compound
If a machine is stolen with keys left in it, many insurers will decline.
If it’s not on the schedule (or not declared within a timeframe), it may not be covered. Keep your plant list updated — especially if you buy/sell machines regularly.
Underinsurance can reduce claim payments. If your excavator is insured for £25,000 but costs £40,000 to replace, you may only receive a proportion of the loss.
Plant insurance is commonly settled on an indemnity basis (market value at the time of loss), but some policies offer new-for-old for newer machines.
Key questions to ask:
Is settlement based on market value, replacement cost, or agreed value?
Are attachments included in the value?
What evidence is needed (invoices, photos, service history)?
Premiums are influenced by a mix of machine value, risk profile and security.
Typical rating factors include:
Total value of plant (and highest single item value)
Type of plant (excavators and dumpers are theft targets)
Where it’s kept overnight (secure yard vs open site)
Postcode risk for storage locations
Security (CCTV, alarms, lighting, fencing, tracking)
Claims history
Hire exposure (hired-in/hired-out)
Operator controls (training, authorisation, key management)
Excess level
Practical ways to reduce cost without gutting cover:
Install approved tracking on higher-value excavators
Improve yard security (gates, locks, lighting, CCTV)
Tighten key control (sign-out logs, locked key cabinets)
Increase excess strategically (only if cashflow allows)
Insurers love evidence of control. More importantly, these steps reduce downtime.
Daily checks: fluids, tracks/tyres, hydraulics, safety devices
Maintenance records: keep service logs and inspection reports
Operator training: CPCS/NPORS where appropriate
Site security: secure compounds, lighting, signage, CCTV
Immobilisation: isolate batteries, lock cabs, use hitch locks
Tracking: GPS/telematics with geofencing and alerts
Attachment security: store in locked containers or chain/lock
Transport controls: vetted hauliers, secure loading, documented handovers
Before you buy or renew, confirm:
Do you need cover for owned plant, hired-in, hired-out, or all three?
Are attachments listed and insured adequately?
Is theft from site included, and what are the security conditions?
Is transit included (including loading/unloading)?
Do you need breakdown cover?
Are you covered for tools and small plant?
Are sums insured based on replacement cost?
Do you have the right excess and limits?
These examples show how plant insurance responds in practice.
Excavator stolen from site overnight: If the site was secured as required and keys were controlled, theft cover may pay out for the machine and declared attachments.
Dumper overturns on uneven ground: Accidental damage cover can pay for repairs (minus excess), helping you get back to work quickly.
Hydraulic failure causes major damage: This may be excluded unless you have breakdown cover; always check.
Excavator damaged during loading onto a low loader: Transit/loading cover can respond, depending on who was responsible and how the policy is structured.
Hired-in mini digger damaged by an operator: Hired-in plant cover can protect you against the hire company’s invoice and loss-of-hire charges.
Plant insurance isn’t usually a legal requirement, but it’s often required by contracts, principal contractors, and hire agreements.
Sometimes, but it may come with stricter conditions, higher excesses, or exclusions. Secure compounds and tracking can make a big difference.
Not always. Many insurers require attachments to be listed or included within a specified limit.
No. That’s handled by employers’ liability (legal requirement if you employ staff) and personal accident cover.
Not usually. That’s what public liability insurance is for.
Contractors’ plant focuses on machinery and equipment. Contractors all risks focuses on the contract works (the build) and may include plant as an extension.
Yes — hired-in plant cover is common and often essential.
Yes, but you’ll need hired-out plant cover and strong hire agreements.
Often yes on an all-risks basis, but always confirm the wording and exclusions.
Use realistic replacement costs, including attachments and delivery. Review values annually (or more often if prices change).
Excavators, diggers and dumpers don’t just move earth — they move schedules, budgets and reputations. The right plant insurance helps you survive the unexpected: theft, damage, and costly hire liabilities.
If you’re building a complete construction engineering insurance programme, plant cover should be aligned with your public liability, employers’ liability, contract works, and (where relevant) professional indemnity. Done properly, it reduces downtime, protects cashflow, and helps you take on bigger projects with confidence.
Need plant insurance for excavators, diggers or dumpers? Speak to a specialist broker who understands construction engineering risks, can tailor theft and transit conditions to how you actually work, and can structure cover around your contracts and hire agreements.
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