Cold storage facilities are not “standard sheds with a chiller.” They’re complex, high-value, high-dependency environments where a single failure can trigger rapid stock spoilage, business interruption, and contractual disputes. During construction and commissioning, risks multiply: you’re installing insulated envelope systems, vapour barriers, refrigeration plant, controls, fire protection, and often automated racking or robotics—usually on tight deadlines and with strict temperature performance criteria.
For contractors, developers, and consulting engineers, the insurance challenge is twofold:
Construction risk: physical works, materials, plant, and third-party injury/damage.
Engineering/operational risk: mechanical and electrical breakdown, commissioning defects, temperature excursions, and knock-on losses.
A well-structured insurance programme helps protect the project balance sheet, satisfy lender and contract requirements, and keep the facility bankable and insurable once operational.
Cold storage ranges from chilled distribution centres to deep-freeze facilities and specialist environments such as:
Food and beverage cold stores (meat, dairy, frozen goods)
Pharmaceutical and life sciences storage (vaccines, biologics)
Floral and horticulture cold chains
Data-centre-adjacent cooling plant rooms (where cooling is mission-critical)
Multi-tenant logistics parks with shared refrigeration infrastructure
Key features that drive risk and insurance complexity include:
Refrigeration plant (ammonia, CO2, HFC/HFO systems)
Insulated panels, vapour barriers, and cold bridges
Underfloor heating and frost heave protection
Backup power and controls (BMS/SCADA)
Fire detection/suppression suited to cold environments
Automated storage and retrieval systems (AS/RS) and high-bay racking
Most cold storage projects in the UK are insured under a combination of construction and engineering policies. The right mix depends on contract structure (design & build vs traditional), project value, and who carries what risk.
CAR is the foundation cover for physical loss or damage to the works during the build.
Typically covers:
The building works (structure, cladding, insulated panels)
Materials on site
Temporary works
Sometimes off-site storage and transit (if arranged)
Cold storage-specific considerations:
Insulated panels and vapour barriers are sensitive to poor installation and moisture ingress.
Hot works during fit-out can increase fire risk, especially around insulation.
Weather exposure can damage panels and compromise airtightness.
Theft and malicious damage can be higher due to copper and plant components.
Key questions to get right:
Is the policy on an “all risks” basis with appropriate exclusions clarified?
Are off-site storage and transit included for long-lead refrigeration equipment?
Are you covered for damage during testing and commissioning?
Cold storage sites often involve multiple trades, heavy plant, and complex M&E works.
Typically covers:
Injury to third parties
Damage to third-party property
Legal defence costs
Cold storage-specific considerations:
High-traffic logistics areas and HGV movements
Crane operations and lifting plans
Risk of refrigerant release impacting neighbours or the public
Mandatory in the UK for most employers. Particularly important where there’s exposure to:
Working at height
Confined spaces
Refrigerant hazards (ammonia toxicity, CO2 asphyxiation)
Electrical and mechanical risks
Cold storage projects frequently involve design responsibility—either fully (design & build) or partially (M&E design, refrigeration design, structural design, fire strategy).
PI typically responds to:
Negligent design, specification, or advice
Errors in calculations or drawings
Failure to meet performance criteria where linked to professional services
Cold storage-specific PI hotspots:
Vapour barrier and thermal bridging errors leading to condensation and mould
Incorrect refrigeration load calculations
Poor defrost strategy causing ice build-up and operational failure
Fire strategy shortcomings for insulated panels
Commissioning documentation gaps and handover failures
Cold storage construction is plant-heavy: cranes, MEWPs, telehandlers, generators, and specialist refrigeration tools.
Key points:
Ensure hired-in plant is covered under contract conditions.
Check territorial limits and overnight security requirements.
Engineering insurance becomes critical because cold storage risk isn’t just “a building problem”—it’s a mechanical and electrical dependency problem.
Where the main risk is the installation of complex plant (refrigeration systems, automated racking, conveyors), an EAR policy may be used alongside or instead of CAR.
Best practice: align CAR and EAR so there are no gaps during handover from building works to plant installation.
Cold storage projects often have strict commissioning milestones: pull-down tests, temperature stability, defrost cycles, alarm testing, and backup power changeovers.
Ask for clarity on:
Testing and commissioning cover extensions
“Maintenance period” cover (defects liability period)
Handover triggers (when risk transfers from contractor to employer)
Once operational, MB covers sudden and unforeseen breakdown of insured plant.
Typical insured items:
Compressors, condensers, evaporators
Pumps, motors, electrical panels
Control systems
Engineering inspection (statutory and best practice) may also be required for pressure systems and lifting equipment.
This is often the most financially painful exposure. DoS covers stock spoilage due to:
Refrigeration breakdown
Power failure
Temperature control failure
Sometimes human error (depending on wording)
Important: DoS is highly sensitive to:
Alarm and monitoring standards
Backup power arrangements
Maintenance regimes
Maximum values at risk (MVR) and seasonal peaks
If the facility can’t operate, BI can cover loss of gross profit and increased cost of working.
For cold storage, BI should be stress-tested against:
Time to source replacement parts (compressors can be long-lead)
Specialist engineer availability
Cleaning and revalidation requirements (especially pharma)
Contractual penalties and service level agreements
Insurers and risk engineers see recurring patterns. These examples help you structure cover and risk controls.
Compressor failure during peak stock period
A compressor fails, temperatures rise, and stock is written off. The claim may involve machinery breakdown (repair) plus deterioration of stock (spoilage) plus BI (lost revenue).
Power outage with generator failure
A grid failure occurs, but the generator doesn’t start due to maintenance issues. This can trigger disputes if warranties require tested backup power.
Condensation and ice due to vapour barrier defects
Poor detailing causes moisture ingress, leading to ice build-up, panel damage, and unsafe floors. This can become a complex claim involving CAR/EAR and potentially PI.
Fire in insulated panels or plant room
Fire spread can be rapid depending on panel type and installation quality. Even small fires can lead to major smoke contamination and long downtime.
Ammonia leak and evacuation
A leak triggers emergency response, potential third-party impacts, and regulatory scrutiny. Liability and environmental considerations become central.
Cold storage insurance is won or lost in the detail. Here are the clauses that typically drive outcomes.
Sum insured and MVR: Underinsurance can reduce claims payments. Stock values can spike seasonally.
Single loss limit for DoS: Ensure it reflects worst-case spoilage.
Temperature excursion wording: Define what counts as an insured event.
Power failure cover: Include on-site and off-site failures where possible.
Maintenance and testing warranties: Be realistic—don’t accept conditions you can’t evidence.
Security requirements: Particularly for plant theft and copper.
Hot works conditions: Align site procedures with policy requirements.
Defects exclusions: Understand what’s excluded (design, workmanship) and what “resultant damage” may still be covered.
Handover and split responsibility: Avoid gaps between contractor and operator policies.
Insurers price cold storage based on how likely a temperature loss is and how quickly you can recover.
Planned preventative maintenance (PPM) with records
Critical spares strategy (fans, sensors, control modules)
Oil analysis and vibration monitoring for compressors
Documented defrost management
24/7 remote monitoring with escalation procedures
Dual sensors and cross-checking
Alarm testing logs
Clear call-out contracts with response times
Generator sized for full critical load
Regular load testing (not just “start tests”)
UPS for controls and monitoring
Fuel management and refuelling plans
Appropriate detection for cold environments
Sprinkler suitability and freeze protection
Fire stopping and penetration sealing
Panel selection and installation controls
Moisture management during build
Vapour barrier integrity checks
Thermal imaging and airtightness testing
Commissioning documentation and O&M manuals
Cold storage insurance programmes vary depending on your role.
You’ll need to protect the asset during build and ensure it’s insurable post-completion. Provide:
Project value, programme, and contract structure
Fire strategy and panel specification
Tenant profile and intended stock types
You’ll need CAR, PL/EL, and often PI. Provide:
Scope of design responsibility
Subcontractor controls and competence
Method statements for hot works and lifting
PI is key. Provide:
Services scope and contract terms
Any fitness-for-purpose obligations
Commissioning responsibilities and sign-offs
EAR/installation risks and liability exposures are central. Provide:
Refrigerant type and system design
Pressure systems management
Leak detection and emergency response plans
Use this as a pre-placement checklist to avoid nasty surprises.
Confirm who insures what: employer vs contractor vs specialist installers.
Ensure testing and commissioning cover is included.
Align maintenance period cover with the defects liability period.
Set realistic sums insured and stock limits (including seasonal peaks).
Check DoS wording for power failure and temperature excursion.
Review defects exclusions and resultant damage provisions.
Confirm PI requirements and any fitness-for-purpose clauses.
Document risk controls: alarms, generator tests, PPM, fire strategy.
Validate security and hot works procedures match policy conditions.
Plan handover: when does operational insurance incept, and what are the triggers?
Cold storage and temperature-controlled warehouse projects sit at the intersection of construction, engineering, and operational dependency risk. Getting the cover right means understanding contracts, commissioning, plant failure scenarios, and the real-world cost of stock loss and downtime.
If you’re building, upgrading, or operating a temperature-controlled warehouse, Insure24 can help you review your risk profile and arrange a tailored insurance programme—whether you’re a developer, main contractor, refrigeration specialist, or consulting engineer.
Call 0330 127 2333 or request a quote at insure24.co.uk to discuss cold storage construction and engineering insurance.
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